比赛分为两队参加,每队11人(一般情况下,比赛期间每队允许替换三名替补球员),其中必须有1名守门员。全场比赛为90分钟,分为上、下两个半场,每半场45分钟。
上、下半场之间的休息时间不得超过15分钟。比赛中有1名主裁判和2名边线裁判,每个半场,主裁判可以根据场上的伤病和换人耗时情况进行补时。
如果比赛必须决出胜负,则90分钟内两队若打平,进行上下半时各为15分钟的加时赛,若依然打平,则通过罚点球谨蠢做分出胜负。
The game is divided into two teams, each team has 11 players (generally, each team is allowed to replace three substitute players during the game), and one goalkeeper must be included.
The game is 90 minutes, divided into the first half and the second half, each half 45 minutes. The break time between the first half and the second half shall not exceed 15 minutes. There is one chief referee and two sideline referees in the game.
In each half court, the chief referee can make up time according to the injury on the field and the time spent in changing players.
If the game has to be decided, then if the two teams draw within 90 minutes, the first half and the second half are 15 minutes of extra time. If they still draw, the penalty kick will be used to determine the winner or loser.
扩展资料
足球的前身起源于中国古代山东淄州(今淄博市)的球类游戏“蹴鞠”,后经 *** 人由中国传至欧洲,逐渐演变发展为现代足球。现代足球始于英国。1848年,足球运动历史上之一部文字形式的规则《剑桥规则》诞生。
1863年10月26日,英格兰成立了世界上之一所足球协会,并统一了足球运动的竞赛规则。
1872年,英格兰与苏档清格兰之间举行了足球史上之一次协会间的正式比赛。1900年,在第二届夏季奥林匹克运动会中,足球被列入正式项目。
足球在全球被广泛译为“Football”,只有在美国等极少数国家被译为“Soccer”,而“Football”在美国、加拿大被指为“美式橄榄祥衡球”。
足球的更高组织机构为国际足球联合会,成立于1904年,总部设于瑞士苏黎世。现代足球更高竞技赛事为国际足联世界杯、欧洲足球锦标赛、欧洲冠军联赛等足球赛事。
theEuropeanChampionship或者EuropeanCup欧洲杯
ChampionshipCup冠军腔兆姿杯
field/pitch足球场
midfield中场
backfield后场
kickoffcircle/centercircle中圈
halfwayline中线
touchline/sideline边线
goalline球门线
endline底线
penaltymark(点球)罚球点
penaltyarea禁区(罚球区)
goalarea小禁区(球门区)
球队称谓篇
coach教练
headcoach主教练
footballplayer足球运动员
referee裁判
lineman巡伍绝边员
captain/leader队长
forward/striker前锋
midfielder前卫
leftmidfielder左前卫
rightmidfielder右前卫
attackingmidfielder攻击型前卫(前腰)
defendingmidfielder防守型前卫(后腰)
centerforward中锋
fullback后卫
centerback中后卫
leftback左后卫
rightback右后卫
sweeper清道夫,拖后中卫
goalkeeper/goalie守门员
cheerteam拉拉队
足球技术篇
kick-off开球
bicyclekick/overheadkick倒钩球
chest-highball半高球
cornerball/corner角球
goalkick球门球
handball手球
header头球
penaltykick点球
placekick定位球
owngoal乌龙球
hat-trick帽子戏法
freekick任意球
directfreekick直接任意球
indirectfreekick间接任意球
stopping停球
chesting胸部停球
pass传球
shortpass短传
longpass长传
crosspass横传
spotpass球传到位
consecutivepasses连续传球
takeapass接球
triangularpass三角传球
flankpass边线传球
lobbingpass高吊传球
volleypass凌空传球
slidetackle铲球
rollingpass/groundpass地滚球
flyingheader跳起顶球
clearancekick解围
shoot射门
close-rangeshot近射
longshot远射
offside越位
throw-in掷界外球
blocktackle正面抢截
bodycheck阻挡
faircharge合理冲撞
divingheader鱼跃顶球
dribbling盘球,带球
cleancatching(守门员)接高球
finger-tipsave(守门员)托救球
offside越位
deceptivemovement假动作
breakthrough突破
kick-out踢出界
足球战术篇
setthepace掌握进攻节奏
wardoffanassault击退一次攻势
breakupanattack破坏一次攻势
disorganizethedefence搅乱防守
totalfootball全攻全守足球战术
openfootball拉开的足球战术
off-sidetrap越位战术
wingplay边锋战术
timewastingtactics拖延战术
4-3-3formation433阵型
4-4-2formation442阵型
beattheoffsidetrap反越位成功
foul犯规
technicalfoul技术猜乎犯规
breakloose摆脱
controlthemidfield控制中场
setawall筑人墙
close-markingdefence盯人防守
比赛方式篇
half-timeinterval中场休息
roundrobin循环赛
grouproundrobin小组循环赛
extratime加时赛
eliminationmatch淘汰赛
injurytime伤停补时
goldengoal/suddendeath金球制,突然死亡法
eighth-final八分之一决赛
quarterfinal四分之一决赛
semi-final半决赛
finalmatch决赛
preliminarymatch预赛
one-sidedgame一边倒的比赛
competitionregulations比赛条例
disqualification取消比赛资格
matchban禁赛命令
dopingtest药检
draw/sortition抽签
sendaplayeroff判罚出场
redcard红牌
yellowcard黄牌
goal球门,进球数
draw平局
goaldrought进球荒
ranking排名(名次)
找扒羡段了半天春誉派并
这篇文站介绍了
Fairplay in football
Basics of football
The Laws of the Game-Field of play
The ball
Number of players
Equipment
Referee
The referee adjudicates the match in collaboration with two line *** en (properly referred to as ‘referee’s assistants’) and a fourth official, situated on the touchline, if necessary. The referee’s tasks include acting as a timekeeper (although with advice on the amount of ‘injury time’ to be added on to the 45 minutes each half to compensate for injuries and other stoppages), awarding free kicks and penalties and generally dealing with anything requiring a ruling. Can also choose to allow play to proceed in case of a foul, providing there is an ‘advantage’ to be gained by the team against which the foul has been committed.
Assistant referees
Follow play from their respective touch lines and help to decide on throw-ins, corner kicks and goalkicks along with offside decisions (although naturally the referee has the final say). Can also draw the referee’s attention and advise on or alert him/her to any on-field activity, which can influence all manner of decisions. To signify their decision or grab the referee’s attention, they wave a brightly coloured *** all flag, which they keep at all times.
Duration of the match
The match officially lasts 90 minutes, split into two 45-minute halves with a half-time interval of no longer than 15 minutes.
In the knock-out stages of competitions, extra-time is used if there is no winner after 90 minutes. This extra period is 30 minutes, split into two 15 minute halves. If extra-time does not find a winner, then a penalty shoot-out takes place, where five players from each team are selected and alternate shots on goal from the penalty spot against the opposition goalkeeper. In that instance, the team with the most successful penalties is declared the winner. If they are still tied then they will move on to sudden-death penalties, where each team will take one penalty until one of the two sides has scored move than the other after the side amount of spot kicks.
Start and restart of play
A coin toss takes place just before the game starts, the winner of which will get the choice of choosing which end to attack or whether to kick-off. Should they choose to kick-off then the other captain will be allowed elect which end to attack in the first half. Should the winner decide to choose which end to attack then the loser can choose whether to kick-off in the first or second half.
The kick-off is also used after a goal has been scored, the task befalling the team who has conceded, and for both halves of extra-time.
At the kick-off, players from each side must all be in their half of the field. The actual kick-off takes place on the centre spot in the centre circle. The player who kicks off cannot touch it again until another player has made contact.
Scoring
A team can only score if the whole ball crosses the goal line between the goalposts. The winner is the team who scores more goals, except in a competition where the ‘away goals’ rule applies. The ‘away goals’ rule means that, if a team scores a goal away from their home stadium, the goal counts extra (therefore, a 1-1 scoreline would mean the away team wins).
Offside
The perennial problem for newcomers to football is understanding the offside rule. This is made somewhat harder by the fact there are two elements to offsides in football; being in an offside position, and committing an offside offence.
To be in an offside position is to be closer to the opponent’s goal than the last opposition outfield player (therefore excluding the goalkeeper) and the ball. However, to commit an offside offence is to have the ball played forward towards you while in that position. As such, you can be in an offside position and not commit an offside offence.
全部在:
我只能给你短语与关键字,自己去重组和组句子,尘缺不然老师一眼就看出来了
kick-off 开球
bicycle kick, overhead kick 倒钩球
chest-high ball 平胸球
corner ball, corner 角球
goal kick 球门球
ground ball, grounder 地面球
hand ball 手触球
header 头球
penalty kick 点球
spot kick 罚点球
free kick 罚任意球
throw-in 掷界外球
ball handling 控制球
block tackle 正面抢截
body check 身体尺信阻挡
bullt 球门前混战
fair charge 合理冲撞
chesting 胸部挡球
close-marking defence 钉人防守
close pass, short pass 短传
consecutive passes 连续传球
deceptive movement 假动作
diving header 鱼跃顶球
flying headar 跳起顶球
dribbling 盘球
finger-tip save (守门员)托救球
clean catching (守门员)跳球抓好
flank pass 边线传球
high lobbing pass 高吊传球
scissor pass 交叉传球
volley pass 凌空传球
triangular pass 三角传球
rolling pass, ground pass 滚地传球
slide tackle 铲球
clearance kick 解除危险的球
to shoot 射门陵兄轮
grazing shot 贴地射门
close-range shot 近射
long drive 远射
mis**t 未射中
offside 越位
to pass the ball 传球
to take a pass 接球
spot pass 球传到位
to trap 脚底停球
to intercept 截球
to break through, to beat 带球过人
to break loose 摆脱
to control the midfield 控制中场
to disorganize the defence 破坏防守
to fall back 退回
to set a wall 筑人墙
to set the pace 掌握进攻节奏
to ward off an assault 击退一次攻势
to break up an attack 破坏一次攻势
ball playing skill 控球技术
total football 全攻全守足球战术
open football 拉开的足球战术
off-side trap 越位战术
wing play 边锋战术
shoot-on-sight tactics 积极的抢射战术
time wasting tactics 拖延战术
Brazilian formation 巴西阵式, 4-2-4 阵式
four backs system 四后卫制
four-three-three formation 4-3-3 阵式
four-two-four formation 4-2-4 阵式
red card 红牌(表示判罚出场)
yellow card 黄牌(表示警告)
Football
Football is connected with the people throughout the world.It has become a part of people's life..Every day, man), football matches are going on here and there around the world. Pick up a
newspaper and you can learn the the results of the football matches. We enjoy playing football, watching football games after work. During the football matches of the World Cup,millions of people watch the matches on TV. When their favorite teams win, they will give them three cheers. When they fail,they feel sad. We all hope our national team will be the strongest one in the world.
Modern football originated in Britain. In 1848, the first football rules in the form of text, "Cambridge Rules" was born. October 26, 1863, the British Football Association of England held in the modern history of football is very important meetings, drafted Return Journey game, which is the model of modern football. In the same year, the United Kingdom and the establishment of the first Football Association. From then on, organized, to a certain constraints under the rules of football began to spread from Britain in Europe, spread all over the world. In the late 19th century, football in Western European countries have been quite popular. In 1896 the first Olympic Games, Soccer events will be listed as one of the。
FIFA was founded in 1894, is currently a member of more than 200. They can take part in the 1930 World Cup as well as the founder of the continent's Cup.
Today, soccer has become the world's number one sport.
现代足球起源于英国。在1848年,之一次足球规则形式的文字, “剑桥规则”诞生绝掘了。1863年10月26日,英国足球协会在伦敦召开了现代足球史上十分重要的会议,比赛渗察归程草拟出来。同年,英国建立了之一个足球协会。从此,有组织,有一定的制约下,规则的足球开始蔓延,从英国到欧洲,传遍世界各地。
在19世纪后期,足球在西欧国家一直很受欢迎。在1896年之一届奥林匹克运动会,足球运动就被列为之一。
国际足联并喊核成立于1894年,目前会员超过200家。他们可以参加1930年创办的世界杯足球赛,以及各大洲的杯赛。
今天,足球运动已经成为世界之一运动项目。
Football is the name given to a number of different, but related, team sports. The most popular of these worldwide (and by far the most popular sport worldwide) is association football, which can be abbreviated soccer. The English language word football is also applied to rugby football (rugby union and rugby league), North American football (American and Canadian), Australian rules football, and Gaelic football.
Some of the many different codes of football.While it is widely believed that the word football originated in reference to the action of a foot kicking a ball, there is a rival explanation, which has it that football originally referred to a variety of games in medieval Europe, which were played on foot.[1] These games were usually played by peasants, as opposed to the horse-riding sports often played by aristocrats. While there is no conclusive evidence for this explanation, the word football has always implied a variety of games played on foot, not just those that involved kicking a ball. In some cases, the word football has been applied to games which have specifically outlawed kicking the ball. (See football (word) for more details.)
All football games involve scoring with a spherical or prolate spheroid ball (itself called a football), by moving the ball into, onto, or over a goal area or line defended by the opposing team. Many of the modern games have their origins in England, but many peoples around the world have played games which involved kicking and/or carrying a ball since ancient times.
The object of all football games is to advance the ball by kicking, running with, or passing and catching, either to the opponent's end of the field where points or goals can be scored by, depending on the game, putting the ball across the goal line between posts and under a cros *** ar, putting the ball between upright posts (and possibly over a cros *** ar), or advancing the ball across the opponent's goal line while maintaining possession of the ball.
In all football games, the winning team is the one that has the most points or goals when a specified length of time has elapsed.
History
For the history of only Association Football, see History of football (soccer)
Throughout the history of mankind the urge to kick at stones and other such objects is thought to have led to many early activities involving kicking and/or running with a ball. Football-like games predate recorded history in all parts of the world, and thus the earliest forms of football are not known.
Ancient games
Documented evidence of what is possibly the oldest organized activity resembling football can be found in a Chinese military manual written during the Han Dynasty in about 2nd century BC.
It describes a practice known as cuju (Traditional Chinese: 蹴鞠; Simplified Chinese: 蹴踘; Pinyin: cù jū) which involved kicking a leather ball through a hole in a piece of silk cloth strung between two 30 foot poles. Another Asian ball-kicking game, which may have been influenced by cuju, is kemari. This is known to have been played within the Japanese imperial court in Kyoto from about 600 AD. In kemari several individuals stand in a circle and kick a ball to each other, trying not to let the ball drop to the ground (much like keepie uppie). The game survived through many years but appears to have died out sometime before the mid 19th century. In 1903 in a bid to restore ancient traditions the game was revived and it can now be seen played for the benefit of tourists at a number of festivals.
Mesoamerican ballgames played with rubber balls are also well-documented as existing since before this time, and are thought to have resembled football in their earlier versions; but since later versions have more similarities to basketball or volleyball, and since their influence on modern football games is minimal, most do not class them as football.
The Greeks and Romans are known to have played many ball games some of which involved the use of the feet. The Roman writer Cicero describes the case of a man who was killed whilst having a shave when a ball was kicked into a barbers shop. The Roman game of Harpastum is believed to have been adapted from a team game known as "επισκυρος" (episkyros) or pheninda that is mentioned by Greek playwright, Antiphanes (388-311BC) and later referred to by Clement of Alexandria. The game appears to have vaguely resembled rugby.
There are a number of less well-documented references to prehistoric, ancient or traditional ball games, played by indigenous peoples all around the world. For example, William Strachey of the Jamestown settlement is the first to record a game played by the Native Americans called Pahsaheman, in 1610. In Victoria, Australia, Indigenous Australians played a game called Marn Grook. An 1878 book by Robert Brough-Smyth, The Aborigines of Victoria, quotes a man called Richard Thomas as saying, in about 1841, that he had witnessed Aboriginal people playing the game: "Mr Thomas describes how the foremost player will drop kick a ball made from the skin of a possum and how other players leap into the air in order to catch it." It is widely believed that Marn Grook had an influence on the development of Australian rules football (see below). In northern Canada and/or Alaska, the Inuit (Eskimos) played a game on ice called Aqsaqtuk. Each match began with two teams facing each other in parallel lines, before attempting to kick the ball through each other team's line and then at a goal.
These games and others may well go far back into antiquity and have influenced football over the centuries. However, the route towards the development of modern football games appears to lie in Western Europe and particularly England.
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